In forging production, accidental accidents can be divided into three types according to their causes: mechanical injuries - scratches or bumps directly caused by tools or workpieces; burns; electric shocks.
From the perspective of technical labor protection, the characteristics of the forging workshop are:
(1) Forging production is carried out in the hot state of the metal (for example, the forging temperature range of low carbon steel is between 1250 and 750 °C). Due to a large amount of manual labor, burns may occur with carelessness.
(2) The heating furnace and the hot steel ingots, blanks and forgings in the forging workshop continuously emit a large amount of radiant heat (forgings still have a relatively high temperature at the end of forging), and workers are often exposed to heat radiation.
(3) The soot generated in the heating process of the forging workshop is discharged into the air of the workshop, which not only affects the hygiene, but also reduces the visibility in the workshop (the situation is more serious for the furnace for burning solid fuel). It may also cause an accident at work.
(4) Equipment used in forging production, such as air hammers, steam hammers, friction presses, etc., are all impact forces when working. When the equipment is subjected to such an impact load, it is easily damaged suddenly (such as a sudden break of the forging hammer rod), causing a serious injury accident.
(5) Presses (such as hydraulic presses, crank hot forging presses, flat forging presses, precision presses), etc., although the impact is small, but the sudden damage of the equipment sometimes occurs. Operators often fail to prevent accidents and may also cause work-related accidents.
(6) Forging equipment has great force in work. Forging equipment such as crank press, drawing forging press and hydraulic press have stable working conditions, but the working force of the working parts is Very large, such as China has manufactured and used a 12000t forging hydraulic press. It is the common 100~150t press, and the power is enough. If the mold is slightly incorrectly installed or operated, most of the force is not applied to the workpiece, but to the mold, the tool, or the part of the device itself. In this way, some kind of installation adjustment error or improper operation of the tool may cause damage to the machine and other serious equipment or personal accidents.
(7) Tools and auxiliary tools for blacksmiths, especially hand-forged and free-forging tools, clamps, etc., are all placed together at the workplace. In the work, the replacement of tools is very frequent, and the storage is often messy, which inevitably increases the difficulty of checking these tools. When a tool is used in forging and often cannot be found quickly, it sometimes “uses” Similar tools often cause work-related accidents.
(8) Due to the noise and vibration of the equipment in the forging workshop, the work place is noisy, affecting the human hearing and nervous system, distracting attention, thus increasing the possibility of accidents.